The scholars were nine (Wali Songo) in tackling the problem of the old customs for those who have converted to Islam divided into two streams, namely FLOW FLOW GIRI and TUBAN.
FLOW GIRI is a flow led by Raden Paku (Sunan Giri) with the support of Raden Rahmat (Sunan Ampel), Syarifuddin (Sunan Drajat) and others.
The flow in the matter of worship did not accept any compromise with Buddhism, Hinduism, animism and dynamism confidence. People who voluntarily converted to Islam through this flow, must be willing to throw away all the old customs that are contrary to Islamic Shari'ah without reserve. Because pure flow in broadcasting and developing Islam, then the flow is called ISLAM WHITE.
The FLOW TUBAN is a flow led by RM Shaheed (Sunan Kalijaga) supported by Sunan Bonang, Sunan Muria, Sunan Kudus, and Sunan Gunung Djati.
This stream is very moderate, they let the first of the followers who worked long tradition of religious ceremony that is ingrained difficult discarded, as long as they want to embrace Islam. So that they do not stray too far from the Islamic shariah. Then the trustees flow Tuban trying to customs Buddhism, Hinduism, animism and dynamism of Islamic colored. Because of this, the moderate flow far more followers than the followers of Giri "radical". This stream is very highlighted by the flow Giri for allegedly mixing mortar Shari'ah with other religions. The flow then labeled as Islamic flow abangan.
With ajarah Hinduism contained in the Book of Brahmins. A book whose content is set procedures for the implementation of the sacrifices, grain-offerings to worship the gods and spirits honoring ceremony to honor those who have died (ancestors) there is a rule called Yajna Large and Small Yajna.
Great yajna is divided into two parts, namely Hafiryayajna and Somayjna. Somayjna is a special ceremony for certain people. The Hafiryayajna for everyone.
Somayajna is a special ceremony for certain people. The Hafiryayajna for everyone.
Hafiryayajna divided into four parts: Aghnidheya, Pinda Pitre yajna, Chess masya, and Aghrain. From these four types there is one very heavy discarded until now for people who have converted to Islam is Pinda Pitre yajna ceremony is a ceremony honoring the spirits of the dead.
In Pinda Pitre yajna ceremony, there is a belief that human beings after death, before entering the karman, which is transformed into the world reborn there be gods, humans, animals and even transformed into stone, plants and others according to his deeds during life , from 1-7 days is still being within the spirit of the family home. On day 40, 100, 1000 of his death, the spirit came again to the family house. Therefore, in these days should be held ceremonial food-serving and reading spells and sacred chants to invoke the gods so that his spirit so and so underwent karma good human being, do not be anything else.
The ceremony begins with aghnideya, ie the sacrificial fire (burning incense) for contact with the gods and spirits sender with the destination. Furthermore, fast-forwarded to the serving dish in the form of food, beverages and others to be offered to the gods, and then proceed with reading mantras and sacred songs by the pastor that his request was granted. * 1
The Council of Guardians * 2
At the time of the trustees under the leadership of Sunan Ampel, never held meetings between the mayor to solve the old customs for people who have converted to Islam. In the meeting as Chairman of the Sunan Kali Jaga Tuban flow propose to the council meetings that the old customs are difficult discarded, including Pitre Pinda yajna ceremony entered Islamic elements.
The proposal is a serious problem at that time because of the scholars (guardian) knew very well that the old traditional funerals and other highly distorted the true teachings of Islam.
Hearing proposal Sunan Kali Jaga's full diplomatic, Sunan Ampel as the prince of the trustees at that time and also became chairman of the hearing / consultation asking questions as follows:
"Do not worry about the future ?, that the old customs that will be considered as the teachings of Islam, so in that case later if it is not going to make heresy" ?.
Sunan Ampel question is then answered by Sunan Kudus as follows:
"I strongly agree with the opinion of Sunan Kali Jaga"
Even Sunan Ampel, Sunan Giri, and Sunan Drajat so do not agree, but the majority of the members approve the proposed deliberation Sunan Kali Jaga, then it is going according to his wishes. From now on that officially based on the results of deliberation, in Hindu religious ceremonies called Pinda Pitre yajna preserved by Muslims Tuban flow which became known as nelung dino, mitung dina, mature twenty, nyatus, and nyewu.
From the result of its flow Tuban, then not only the ceremony as it was flourishing, but the belief of animism and dynamism as well as other traditional ceremonies participate thrive. Therefore it is no wonder his own Sunan Kali Jaga named Sheikh Siti jenar feel a very flexible opportunities for mensinkritismekan Hindu teachings in Islam. Of processed products, the birth of an occult teachings / faiths that smelled of Islam. And grow what is called "Burghers Manunggaling Gusti" which means God fused with me. Then the procedure to draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, charity, pilgrimage and so do not have to do.
Although Sheikh Siti jenar was killed, but the students are pretty much already spread everywhere. From that then trust such fertile life until now.
State of the Muslims after the trustees died farther away from the true teachings of Islam. the scholars Giri flow continues to affect the kings of Islam in particular and society in general to uphold the pure Shari'ah under fire and the threat of Islamic kings at that time, because the majority of Islamic kings menganutaliran Tuban. So that the center of the kingdom in Demak trying moved to Display to escape from the influence of the clergy flow Giri.
During the Islamic kingdom in Java, under the leadership of king Amangkurat I, the scholars who seek to influence the palace and the community, they were rounded up and killed / dibrondong in Surakarta field as much as 7,000 scholars. Seeing arbitrary action against the cleric flow Giri, then Trunojoyo, Pupils Giri tried to make an attacking force that fucker Amangkurat I was.
In the kingdom held by Amangkurat II as a substitute for his father, he defended, grudge against Truno Joyo attacking his father's rule. It works together with the VOC attacked Giri Kedaton and all upala and students killed Giri flow completely, even all the descendants of Sunan Giri finished anyway. Thus already gone Islamic scholars consistent enforcement. Scholars who may live in a time that is soft scholars (moderate) that would conform with the existing state of society. then increased suburlah old customs attached to the Muslims, especially the ceremonial Pinde Pitre yajna in funerals.
Such situation goes on for centuries without a ulamapun that appears to scrape out the old customs attached to Islam especially Pinda Pitre Yajna. New in 1912 AD, appears a cleric in Yogyakarta named KH Ahmad Dahlan who bend over its ability to restore Islam from its source, namely the Qur'an and Sunnah, because he has the view that Islam in Indonesian society has a lot of mixed various teachings that are not derived from the Qur'an and Hadith, everywhere rampant act of superstition and heresy that Muslims living in a state of conservative and traditional.
The emergence K.H. Ahmad Dahlan was not just trying to scrape out all the customs of Buddhism, Hinduism, animism, dynamism inherent in Islam, but also spread the mind-mind renewal in Islam, the Muslims to be the people who developed such as the followers of the other. However bizarre, his emergence was greeted negatively by some scholars itself, which turns scholars are scholars who do not agree to throw some Buddhist and Hindu traditions which have characterized Islam that has been preserved by scholars flow Tuban first, which among other things Pinda Pitre yajna ceremony filled breath of Islam, which is known as the ceremony nelung dina, mitung dina, dina mature, nyatus, and nyewu.
In 1926 the Indonesian scholars rise to the establishment of the organization named "Nahdlatul Ulama" abbreviated NU. In muktamarnya in Napier NU issued a decision which, among others:
"Every religious event should be preceded by reading the sistimatikanya tahlil as we know it today in society".
This decision seems to be completely implemented by the NU. So that all religious event begins with reading tahlil, including the event of death. From now on that is gradually ceremonial colored Pinda Pitre Yajna tahlilan Islam changed its name to the present.
In keeping with the history of the birth tahlilan funerals, hence the term tahlilan funerals only known in Java alone. On the other islands throughout Indonesia none of this event. If there was just as seepage of Java alone. Moreover, in other countries such as Saudi, Egyptian, and other woods countries around the world did not recognize tahlilan ceremony in this death.
With already know the history of the birth tahlilan funerals which decomposes above, then we will no longer say that funerals are the teachings of Islam, even we can say that people who do not want to waste the ceremony meant to preserve one of the Hindu religion. Hindus did not want to preserve the teachings of Islam, would not even the slightest kepercikan Islamic teachings. But why are we the Muslims actually preserve their beliefs and teachings.
Not a small thing for us Sunnah of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam is clear that lit only we do. Why should plus-add the / fetched. They believed the teachings of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was still less than perfect.
KH. Ahmad Dahlan who as a child named Muhammad Dervish born in Yogyakarta in 1968 or 1969 of the father KH. Abu Bakr, the Great Mosque Imam and Khatib Kauman, and mother named Siti Aminah bint KH. Ibrahim great prince in Yogyakarta. KH. Ahmad Dahlan then inherit his father's work into a large mosque officials in Kauman. Here he saw religious practices are not satisfactory in the Palace courtiers, so that evoke kristisnya to improve the situation.
Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah established by Dahlan was initially localized, limited aim at religion spread among the population of Yogyakarta. Article two of the original Articles of Association reads (with a new spelling):
So the association's point:
a. Spread the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad Sallallahu Kanjeng Religion 'alaihi Regards to residents Residentie Bumiputra in Yogyakarta.
b. Promote respect Islam to its members.
Thanks to the personality and ability to lead the organization Dahlan, then in a short time the organization was undergoing rapid changes that are no longer limited to the residency of Yogyakarta, but extends to the entire Java and towards 1930 has been entered into the islands outside Java.
The primary mission is carried by Muhammadiyah renewal (tajdid) understanding of religion. As intended by the renewal by Muhammadiyah is the kind described M. Djindar Tamimy: The purpose of the words "tajdid" (Arabic), which means "renewal" is about the two terms, is seen from on / by the target:
First: means renewal in the sense of returning to the authenticity / purity, is when the target tajdid about the issues that are fixed principles struggle / not changeable.
Second: means renewal in terms of modernization, it is when tajdid targets on issues such as: methods, systems, techniques, strategies, tactics of struggle, and others who compatriots it, the nature of change, adapted to the circumstances / space and time.
Tajdid in the second meaning, it is actually a character rather than the teachings of Islam itself in the struggle.
It can be concluded that the reform was not always meant to modernize, but also purify, cleanse are not teaching.
Muhammadiyah is a religious movement that aims to establish the religion of Islam amongst the people, to realize the Islamic community in truth.
Islam as a religion of the past, does not separate the spiritual issues and problems of the world, but it covers both these terms. So Islam radiating into various aspects of life remains one unified wholeness. Renewal of Islam as a whole is what is displayed Muhammadiyah itself. Thus, in the present development of Muhammadiyah manifest themselves as an extension of the development of thought movements born by KH. Ahmad Dahlan as the work righteous deeds.
Muhammadiyah briefly renewal business can be divided into three areas of arable, namely: the field of religion, education, and community.
Updates in the religious field is the rediscovery of the teachings or basic principles that apply eternal, that because of the time, the environmental circumstances, may cause these foundations are less obvious and covered by customs and other additional ideas.
Above we mentioned that the intended reforms in the field of religion is to purify and restore back to its authenticity. Therefore, in good faith regarding the implementation of aqidah (faith) or rituals (of worship) must be in accordance with the original, ie as commanded by Allah in the Quran and promoted by any Prophet Muhammad, through the Sunnah-sunahnya.
In Aqeedah problem Muhammadiyah work for the establishment of a pure Islamic Aqeedah, net of symptoms idolatry, heresy and khufarat without ignoring the principles of tolerance in Islam, is in the worship of Muhammadiyah work for the establishment of such worship as dituntunkan Prophet without additional and changes of the human.
Among the practices and habits that are not derived from Islam, among others: the worship of ancestors, sacred objects, various ceremonies and salvation, as at certain times during pregnancy, at the time whistle navel, circumcision, marriage , and death. Ceremonies and prayers are held on the 3rd, 5th, 40th, 100th, 1000th after death. Berssfat important social events related to trust, such as receptions / slametan the month of Sha'ban and Ruwah. Pilgrimage to the tombs of saints and ask dido'akan. Similarly, people often seek advice and assistance to religious officials in the village (as muezzin, rois, people) in matters relating to superstition, for example to resist the influence of the disease, for which they usually given / read out the prayer-do 'A in Arabic, which is in between the prayers are not uncommon parts smelling Hinduism or animism of ancient times, and so on.
The traditions and beliefs over many Muslims who consider that it includes religious deeds, or at least it is not prohibited.
The traditions, customs and various kinds of trust over many Muslims who do it without reserve, even they assume that the above including a requirement according to religion.
For that Muhammadiyah trying to realign with combating all forms of heresy and superstition crate form above.
Muhammadiyah effort to purify the faith of Muslims of Indonesia, is Muhammadiyah has introduced drastic alteration reviewing and, if necessary, to the correct interpretation of the Quran and Al-Hadith
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